連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接單詞與單詞、短語與短語或句子與句子作用,一般不重讀。連詞主要分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。

一、連詞的分類

1

1)簡單連詞。如：

and和;or或者;but但是;for因?yàn)?if如果;since既然;unless如果不;

although盡管

2)關(guān)聯(lián)連詞。如：

both…and… ……和……都;not only...but also... 不僅……而且……;

neither…nor…既不……也不……;whether…or… 無論是……還是……

3)分詞連詞。如：

provided如果;assuming假定;given假如;seeing因?yàn)?/p>

4)短語連詞

as if仿佛;as though仿佛;even if即使;as long as只要;in case以免，萬一;now that既然;so that以便，以致

2

(1)并列連詞。如：

and和;or或者;but但是;while然而

二、并列連詞

并列連詞表示單詞、短語、從句或句子間有并列關(guān)系。分為：表平行或?qū)Φ汝P(guān)系(并列關(guān)系)的連詞、表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞、表選擇關(guān)系的連詞、表因果推理關(guān)系等的連詞。

1.表示并列關(guān)系(平行或?qū)Φ汝P(guān)系)的并列連詞。如：

and “和”;both…and…“……和……兩個都” ;as well as“也”;not only…but also…“不但……而且……”;not…but…“不是……而是……”;neither…nor…“既不……也不……”

e.g. My mother bought me a present, and I like it very much.

我媽媽買了一件禮物給我，我很喜歡。

He can speak not only English but also French.

他會說英語還會說法語。

2.表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞。如：

but“但是”;yet“然而”;while“而”;however“然而”;whereas“然而”

e.g. Lucy likes red while Lily likes white.

露西喜歡紅的，然而莉莉喜歡白的。

3.表選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞。如：

or“或者”;either…or…“要么……要么……”

注：由or 連接的句子可以轉(zhuǎn)換為有否定條件構(gòu)成的主從復(fù)合句。

Eg：Study hard，or you’ll fail the exam.

=If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail the exam.

努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你考試會失敗的。

Either you or he goes.“要么你去，要么他去”。

4.表因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。如：so “所以，因此”; for “因?yàn)?rdquo;

e.g. Kate was ill soshe didn’t go to school.

凱特病了所以沒去學(xué)校。

He may be ill,forhe is absent from the meeting today.

他可能生病了，因?yàn)樗?今天沒來開會。

I have to stay up，for I have lots of homework to do.

我必須熬夜，因?yàn)槲矣泻芏嘧鳂I(yè)。

【中考考點(diǎn)】

1

1)because(因?yàn)?,so(所以)不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個句子里，只能用其一。

e.g. Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk here.

=He was tired, so he couldn’t walk there.

因?yàn)樗�很累，所以走不到這里。

2)although/though(雖然)，but(但是)不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個句子里，只能用其一。但although/though和yet 可以同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個句子里(yet 用作副詞)

e.g. Though he was tired, he still worked hard.

=He was tired, but he still worked hard.

雖然他很累，但是她仍然堅(jiān)持工作

2

1)當(dāng)列舉成分是主語，又在否定詞之前時(shí)，用and連接;而當(dāng)列舉成分在否定詞之后時(shí)，用“or”構(gòu)成完全否定.

e.g. I can’t singordance.

我不會唱歌，也不會跳舞。

Lucyandlily can’t speak Chinese.

露西和莉莉都不會說漢語。

2)在否定句中，如果所連接的兩部分都有否定詞那么用“and”而不用“or”

e.g. There is no water and no air on the moon.

月球上沒有水也沒有空氣。

3)在否定句中，without + and;而在肯定句中，without + or,構(gòu)成完全否定。

e.g. Man can’t live without air and water.

=Man will die without air or water.

3

：由either…or….., neither…nor…,not only…but also…連接兩個并列主語時(shí)，謂語動詞與較近的主語保持一致。

e.g. Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting you.

不止我父母，連我很也很想見到你。

三、從屬連詞

從屬連詞通常引導(dǎo)一個從句，修飾或說明主句。從屬連詞一般分為引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞和引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞。

1.

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if, whether, because, as if等。如：

I don't thinkthatwe should stay another week.

我認(rèn)為我們不該再待一周。

if

Can you tell mehe can come to my birthday party?

你能告訴我他是否會來參加我的生日派對嗎?

Whether he will come is unknown.

沒人知道他是否要來。

2.

英語中的狀語從句共有九類，這些狀語從句各有其引導(dǎo)詞，有的引導(dǎo)詞可以引導(dǎo)多種類型的狀語從句。

1

引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有when, while, as, after, before, until/till, since, as soon as, once等。如：

When

you came in, I was talking with a few boys.

你進(jìn)來時(shí)，我正和幾個小男孩談話。

while

It started to rainwe were playing outdoors.

我們正在室外玩耍時(shí)，突然下起了雨。

2

引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有where, wherever。如：

I live where there are mountains.

我住在多山的地方。

If you could go wherever you want to, where would you go?

如果你可以去你想去的任何地方，你會去哪里?

3

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有because, since, as, now that等。如：

because

We have to go to bed nowwe will start off early tomorrow.

因?yàn)槊魈煲辉缇统霭l(fā)，所以我們現(xiàn)在就得睡覺。

As

all the seats were taken, I had to stand.

由于所有的位子都坐滿了人，我只好站著。

4

引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有if, unless, as long as等。如：

If you see him, give him this note.

如果你見到他，就把這個便條給他。

as long as

You can use my caryou’re turn it before Friday.

你可以用我的車，只要周五前還回來就行。

5

引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有in order that, so that, in case等。如：

so that

He played the piano very gentlythe baby could not be waken up.

為了不吵醒孩子，他輕輕地彈鋼琴。

6

引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有although, though, as, even if, even though等。如：

though

He went to schoolhe was very ill.

盡管他病得很重，但他還是去上學(xué)了 。

7

引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有so...that...,such...that...等。如：

so

My parents are waiting for me,I must be off now.

我父母在等我，所以我現(xiàn)在必須得走了。

8

引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有than, as等。如：

as

Some people think that planes now are not as safetrains(are).

有些人認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的飛機(jī)沒有火車安全。

9

引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有as, as if, as though等。如：

as if

He treated the boyhe were his son.

他對待那個男孩就像自己的兒子一樣 。

【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】

( ) 1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater ___ a cotton one.

A. but B. or C. and D. not

( ) 2 Either Mary ___ Lucy told him to come to see us.

A. or B. and C. with D. nor

( ) 3 Hurry up, ____ we'll be late for the film.

A. and B. but C. so D. or

( ) 4 Be quick, ____ we'll be late.

A. and B. or C. but D. so

( ) 5 We ran to the trees, ___ we couldn't see any more monkeys.

A. but B. so C. and D. for

( ) 6 ___ Li Ping ___ Wu Fang ___ League members.

A. Neither; nor; are B. Either; nor; is

C. Both; and; are D.Neither; or; is

( ) 7 You can ____ stay at home ____ go out to play.

A. either; or B. so;that

C. neither; and D.both; and

( ) 8 ____ Wei Hua ___. Ann____ very busy.

A. Both; and; is B. So; and; is

C. Either; or; is D. So;that; are

( ) 9 ___ Monday___ Tuesday is QK, I will be free then.

A. Either; or B. Neither; nor

C. So; that D. Both; and

( ) 10 ___ my brother____ sister are doctors.

A. Not; but B. Neither; nor

C. Both; and D. Either;or

( ) 11 The teacher, as well as his students ___ football.

A. like B. likes C. enjoy D. play

( ) 12 The doctor, along with these nurses____ sent to the country.

A. are B. were C. have D. was

( ) 13 My sister, together with her classmates____ interested in the new book.

A. are B. were C. is D. have

( ) 14 ___ she ___ I know his telephone number, because it has been changed.

A. Both; and B. Either; or

C. Not only; but also D.Neither; nor

( ) 15 ___ Jack ____ Tom watched TV yesterday evening because they were busywith their lessons.

A. Both; and B. Not only; but also

C. Not; but D.Neither; nor

( ) 16 You may sit___ this end___ that end of the boat.

A. neither; nor B. both; and

C. either; or D.between; and

( ) 17 None of the shoes are the right size.

They are ___ too big ____ toosmall.

A. or; or B. either; or

C. neither; or D. both;and

( ) 18 When Lily was three, she could____ read____ write.

A. not; but B. not; and

C. neither; nor D. either; or

( ) 19 We should learn ___from books.___ from workers and farmers.

A. both; and B. either; or

C. neither; nor D. as; as

( ) 20 We went___ to the cinema, ___ to the park.

A. did not; / B. not; but

C. either; or D. both;and

( ) 21 Last week we saw ____ Li Ming ___ Mary.

A. neither; or B. either; nor

C. all; and D.not; but

( ) 22 My mother bought not apples____ two interesting books for me.

A. or B. butC. and D. so

( ) 23 Mr. Zhang felt a little tired, ____ he still went on working.

A. but B. and C. so D. or

( ) 24 Our teacher is very busy, ____ he often help us with our lessons.

A. or B. but C. and D. though

( ) 25 Tom got ill, ___ he still attended the important meeting.

A. so B. because C. but D. nor

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