定語(yǔ)從句：中考難度

定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句(一個(gè)句子用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞，充當(dāng)形容詞的功能作定語(yǔ))，先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句常置于所修飾先行詞的后面。

She is abeautifulgirl. beautiful是一個(gè)形容詞用來(lái)修飾后面的名詞girl充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分，單個(gè)修飾成分放在被修飾詞的前面，但當(dāng)是短語(yǔ)或句子時(shí)就會(huì)放在被修飾詞的后面。如：the girlin redis my sister.in red就是介詞短語(yǔ)做girl的修飾成分(定語(yǔ))。而定語(yǔ)從句是指定語(yǔ)部分不再是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的成分而是一個(gè)句子，那么這個(gè)句子就叫做定語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)句子叫做復(fù)合句

如:I like the musicthat I can dance tomusic是先行詞，that是關(guān)系代詞

He is the manwho I met yesterday.man是先行詞，who是關(guān)系代詞

思考：Students like the English teacher who/that is interesting

she likes English which/that is interesting

引導(dǎo)詞：分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，須放在先行詞的后面，定語(yǔ)從句的前面，起連接作用且在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。

關(guān)系代詞：

That：指物或指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)可省略，作主語(yǔ)不可省略。

Which：指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)可省略，作主語(yǔ)不可省略。

Who：指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)不能省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。

Whom：whom指人，是who的賓格，在句中只作賓語(yǔ)，當(dāng)前面沒有介詞時(shí)，可省略。

Whose：指人或指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，不可省略。所有格相當(dāng)于先行詞+’s)

關(guān)系副詞：(初高中英語(yǔ)李老師：15191416900(同微)

When：表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞

I'll never forget the day when Imet you.(when/on which)

Where：表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。先行詞為地點(diǎn)的名詞

The factory where Tom works is in Ankang.(where=in which)

Why：表示原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，先行詞只有一個(gè)，即the reason(why可省略)

That's the reason whyI asked you to come.(why/for which)

注意：關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可換成相應(yīng)的介詞+which，when=on which，where=at/in which，why=for which

因?yàn)橄刃性~是名詞或代詞，

關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做狀語(yǔ)

whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做定語(yǔ)

當(dāng)先行詞是指人且在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：引導(dǎo)詞需用who/that，不可省略

Iknow the man(who/that)came here yesterday

當(dāng)先行詞是指人且在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)：引導(dǎo)詞可用who/whom/that，且可以省略

The girl(that/who/whom/可省略)you are talking with is my friend

當(dāng)先行詞是指物且在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：引導(dǎo)詞需用which/that，不可省略

We need to buy some apples(which/that)are good for our health

當(dāng)先行詞是指物且在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)：引導(dǎo)詞需用which/that，且可以省略

The books( that/which/可省略) they bought were very expensive.

以上定語(yǔ)從句中需要特別注意：

1：含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句一般分為兩層：主句層(第一層)和定語(yǔ)從句層(第二層);

2：定語(yǔ)從句可拆分成兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)完整語(yǔ)意近似的句子(這兩個(gè)句子必定有相同的一個(gè)部分)

如：Iknow the man(who/that)came here yesterday

可拆分為：I know the man和The man came here yesterday

如：The lady(who/that/省略)we saw yesterday is Green

可拆分為：The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.

總結(jié)：人(n.) + who/that +從句 物(n.) + that/which +從句

關(guān)系代詞who; that;的作用：

1.做代詞，代替先行詞(初高中英語(yǔ)李老師：15191416900(同微)

2..在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分：主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)

3.做連詞，把主句和從句連接起來(lái)

用that/who填空

1. The girl __________ you saw just now is my sister.

2. Do you remember the words _________ we learned last year.

3. This is the watch __________ my mother gave me for my birthday.

4. I like the present ________ you’ve sent to me.

5. The nurse ____ we talked about can speak English well.

6. This is the man _______ I met yesterday.

7. No one likes books _____ are boring.

習(xí)題：按要求完成：

That woman is my teacher. She is wearing a pink dress. (合二為一)

The womana pink dress is my teacher.

1：用定語(yǔ)從句連接

1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.

2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.

2：把定語(yǔ)從句拆分成兩個(gè)完整句子：

1.The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.

2.I don’t like the people that / who they smoke a lot.

who / that/which在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致

I prefer shoes that______ cool. (be)I like a pizza that______ really delicious. (be)

I love singers who ______ beautiful. (be)I have a friend who _______ sports. (play)

較難，看情況掌握：

whom為who的賓語(yǔ)形式,當(dāng)先行詞指人且做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用whom，在句中只作賓語(yǔ)，其前沒有介詞時(shí)，也可用who替換使用，也可省略，當(dāng)前面有介詞或介詞提前時(shí)，只能用whom不能用who。

The person to whom you just spoke is Mr.Li.引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞，且指人，只能用whom且不可省略

以上句子相當(dāng)于：The person(who/that/省略)you just spoke to is Mr.Li

Whose(who的所有格)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)先行詞的“所屬關(guān)系”，先行詞“的”什么什么人或物品等，先行詞可人可物，從句可為限定與非限定從句.

The boy whose mother is ill is crying可拆分為：the boy is crying. The boy’s mother is ill

難點(diǎn)：

which和that的區(qū)別：兩者都可用作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，指物時(shí)有時(shí)可互換。

一：指物時(shí)只能用which，不能用that的情況。(初高中英語(yǔ)李老師：15191416900(同微)

(1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)(比較簡(jiǎn)單)。

I lost my watch, which is not found yet. 我把表丟了，到現(xiàn)在還沒有找到。

He changed his mind again, which made us all angry.

(2)先行詞在介詞的后面做介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如：

This is the book of which l was speaking.這就是我跟你們提到過的那本書。

The tool with which he is working is called a hammer.

二：關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)用that不用which的情況

1.先行詞為all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。

(1)We'll do all that we can to protect the animals.

(2) There is much that I wantto tell you.

(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?(初高中英語(yǔ)李老師：15191416900(同微)

2.先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定詞修飾時(shí)。

You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.

3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：

This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.

4.先行詞被the only, the very, the right, the last等修飾時(shí)。如：

This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.

You arethe onlyperson that I can turn to for help.

5.先行詞是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，既有人又有物時(shí)。如：

Hebought the paintingsandthebooks that interested him.

6.先行詞為one時(shí)。

Is it the one (that) you want?這是你所要的嗎?

7.多個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句用that。如：

They built a factory which produced things thatwas very cheap.

8.以which作主語(yǔ)開頭的特殊問句，為了避免重復(fù)，定語(yǔ)從句用that。如。

Which is the bus that you will take?

9.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。

China is not the country (that) it was. 中國(guó)已不是過去的中國(guó)了。

I am not the man(that)I was我已經(jīng)不是過去的我了

較難，看情況掌握：

先行詞前有the same修飾，表示和先行詞是同一物時(shí)。如：

This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.

注：如果表示的是與先行詞同一類或相似的某物，則用the same…as….如：

This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.

三：關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)，只能用that不能用who的情況：(初高中英語(yǔ)李老師：15191416900(同微)

1.泛指某人時(shí)。如：He is a man that nevergives up.

2.主句是以作主語(yǔ)的who開頭的特殊問句，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)。如：

Who is the person that is talking with ourteacher?

Who is the girl that won the first place?獲得第一名的女孩是誰(shuí)?

3.先行詞前有the same時(shí)。如：This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.

一：將下列各題中的兩個(gè)句子合并為含有that或which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。

1.The pot is very expensive. It was used by my mom yesterday.

2. The magazine is mine. You read it this morning.

3. The dog is cute. Tom is looking after it.

4. That is the most interesting film. She has seen the film.

二：選用that, who, whom或which填空。

1. The girlyou saw at the meeting is a good swimmer.

2. The townwe visited a few years ago is much larger than before.

3. April 1st is a dayis called April Fools’ Day.

4. The girloften helps me with my English is from No. 8 Middle

This is the biggest libraryI have ever seen.A. which B. what C. where D. that

This is the very person _______I am looking for.A. which B. that C. who D. whom

Tell me everything ____ you know.A. whichB. about that C. about which D. that

I like the teacher ____ classes are very interesting .A. which B. who C. what D. whose

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