連詞是一種在句子與句子之間，短語之間以及名詞等其他詞語之間起連接作用的虛詞，它不能單獨作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。

并列連詞連接的雙方是對等的。

常有的并列連詞有and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor， not only…but also, as well as等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致，意義有轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞有：but, however, while (而)，only (只不過)。還有表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞，如：or, or else, otherwise… 再有的是連接雙方，互為因果，或表示前因后果的連詞有：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。

從屬連詞在初中范圍內(nèi)常常用來連接名詞性從句，如：that, if, whether, 其次用來連接狀語從句。其中有原因狀語從句，常用的連接詞有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 連接條件狀語的連詞有：if, unless, as long as 等，而原因狀語的連接詞有because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點等狀語從句的連接詞有：so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where… 它們在句子與文章中幾乎無處不見。

具體用法見下表。

連詞用法一覽表

種類

功用

例句

并列連詞

連接具有并列關(guān)系的

詞

He knows neither English nor French.

短語

Are you going by bus or on foot?

分句

Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming.

從屬連詞

引導(dǎo)：

狀語從句

I'll do it as you told me.

You will be late unless you hurry.

連接代詞和連接副詞

主語從句

What he said proved true.

When we'll start has not been decided yet.

表語從句

This is why he didn't come yesterday.

That is where he lives.

賓語從句

The man asked me which I liked best.

I can't understand why she is so late.

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞

定語從句

Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking.

He came last night when I was out.

The 1st period

1.并列連詞引導(dǎo)兩個并列的句子。

1)　and 與or

判斷改錯：

(錯) They sat down and talk about something.

(錯) They started to dance and sang.

(錯) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.

(對) They sat down and talked about something.

(對) They started to dance and sing.

(對)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.

解析：

第一句：and 連接兩個并列的謂語，所以 talk 應(yīng)改為 talked。

第二句：and 連接兩個并列的動詞不定式，第二個不定式往往省略to，因此sang 應(yīng)改為 sing。

第三句：and 連接感觀動詞saw 后面的用作的賓補(bǔ)的兩個并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，因此whisper應(yīng)改為whispering。

注意：and 還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。(or也有此用法)

Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.

= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.

One more effort, and you'll succeed.

= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.

2)　both …and　兩者都

She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.

3)　not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且)

She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.

注意：not only… but also 關(guān)聯(lián)兩個分句時，一個分句因有否定詞not 而必須倒裝。

Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.

4)　neithe…nor 意思為"既不……也不……"謂語動詞采用就近原則，與nor后的詞保持一致。

Neither you nor he is to blame.

2 比較and和or

1) 并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。

2) 但有時and 也可用于否定句。請注意其不同特點：

There is no air or water in the moon.

There is no air and no water on the moon.

在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or 連接，但含有兩個否定詞的句子實際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要用and。

典型例題

---I don't like chicken ___ fish.

---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.

A. and;and　 B. and;but　C. or;but　D. or;and

答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表轉(zhuǎn)折。

判斷改錯：

(錯) We will die without air and water.

(錯) We can't live without air or water.

(對) We will die without air or water.

(對) We can't live without air and water.

3 表示選擇的并列結(jié)構(gòu)

1) or　意思為"否則"。

I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.

2) either…or　意思為"或者……或者……"。注意謂語動詞采用就近原則。

Either you or I am right.

The 2nd period

4 表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?/p>

1) but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，while表示對比。

Some people love cats, while others hate them.

典型例題

--- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

--- I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy.

A. and　 B. so　 C. as　 D. but

答案D。but與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語意。而表并列的and，結(jié)果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。

2) not…but… 意思為"不是……而是……"

not 和but 后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。

They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.

5 表原因關(guān)系

1) for

判斷改錯：

(錯) For he is ill, he is absent today.

(對) He is absent today, for he is ill.

for是并列連詞，不能置于含兩個并列分句的句子的句首，只能將其放在兩個分句中間。

2) so, therefore

He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.

注意：

a. 兩個并列連詞不能連用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列連詞連用。

You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.

He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.

b. although… yet…，但although不與 but連用。

(錯)　Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..

(對)　Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.

6 比較so和 such

其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副

詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many，few，much， little連用，形成固定搭配。

so + adj.　　　　　　　　　such + a(n) + n.

so + adj. + a(n) + n.　　　such + n. (pl.)

so + adj. + n. (pl.)　　　 such +n. (pl.)

so + adj. + n. [不可數(shù)]　　such +n. [不可數(shù)]

so foolish　　　　　　　　 such a fool

so nice a flower　　　　　 such a nice flower

so many/ few flowers　　　 such nice flowers

so much/little money.　　　such rapid progress

so many people　　　　　　 such a lot of people

so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。

so…that與such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

Eg :The MP3 cost me ________ money that I ccouldn't afford to buy it .

A .so much .B .such much C .so many

D . such many .(Key :A )

注意:too .... to .. ,so ..... that .... , such .... that .... , enough ..... to ...., 的互換.

so that to = in order to /that 的用法.

Eg A .He is too young to go to school.

B .He is ____ a young boy _____ he ____ go to school .

C .He is ____ young ____ he ____ go to school .

D .He isn't ______ _______ ______ go to school (Keys :B :such , that , can't C :so ,that ,can't .D : old ,enough to )

要注意“簡單句與復(fù)合句的變化”。

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