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來源：網絡資源 2023-07-13 11:01:30
一、 主動語態和被動語態的概念
1)He opened the door. 他開了門。
以上例句是一個主動句，主語是動作的執行者/發出者
2)The door was opened by him. 門被開了。
第二個例句是一個被動句，主語是動作的承受者
漢語中表示被動的詞：被…/ 由…/ 受…/ 給…
英語中表被動用：be+過去分詞構成
二、 被動語態的結構及用法
1)被動語態的幾種句型
肯定句：主語+be+及物動詞的過去分詞+(by)
eg: My phone was made in China.
否定句：主語+be not+過去分詞+(by)
eg: My phone wasn’t made in China.
一般疑問句：Be+主語+過去分詞+(by)?
eg: Was your phone made in China?
特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+(by)?
eg: Where was your phone made?
2)不同時態中的被動語態
3) 被動語態的用法
當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時，常用被動語態，這時往往不用by短語。The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.
昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid.
他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
突出或強調動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執行者，用by短語。
These books are written especially for children.
這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是“這些書”)
三、主動語態變被動語態
1)一般情況下主動語態變被動語態
主動句：He closed the door.
變被動句：The door was closed by him.
口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂變be done, 時不變，數格必須隨被變。
2)主動語態中若有雙賓語
Vivian gave me a book. 雙賓語(me是間賓， book是直賓)
-I was givena book by Vivian. 間接賓語提前
-A book was given tome by Vivian.直接賓語提前時，要在間接賓語前加介詞
動詞make/buy/get用for; 動詞give/send/lend/take用to
3) “感使動詞”(feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, look at)真奇怪，主動結構“to”走開，被動結構又請來，十個動詞要記牢，不會被它再難倒。
We saw him play football on the playground.
我們看見他在操場上打籃球。
變被動：He was seen to play football on the playground.
他被我們看到在操場上打籃球。
四、主動形式表被動意義
1) 系動詞沒有被動語態，如feel, sound, taste, look, become, fall, get, grow, keep, remain, seem, smell, stay, turn等等
Your idea sounds good. 你的注意聽起來蠻好的。
You look beautiful. 你看起來美美的。
2) 在need, require, want, be worth , deserve等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義
The TVneeds repairing. 電視需要修理。
= The TVneeds to be repaired.
3) 一般說來，不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語不能使用被動語態，常見的有：appear, die, disappear, end(vi. 結束), fail, happen, last, lie, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place，occur等。
A car accidenthappenedin the street.
一場車禍發生在街上。
Great changeshave taken placein my hometown.
我的故鄉發生了巨變。
4) 在某些形容詞后面，當不定式表達的情況與它前面的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系時，用主動式表示被動意義。
She has an important meetingto attend.
她有一個重要的會議要參加。
五、易錯點總結(常考點)
1)在時間、條件狀語從句中，要用一般現在時的被動語態表示將來時的被動語態。
If lamgiven enough time, I will do it better.
給我足夠的時間，我會做得更好。
2)固定結構中的介詞或副詞在被動結構中不可省去。
Such a bad habitshould be got rid of.
這樣的壞習慣應該改掉。(of 不可以省去的)
3)有些動詞如write, read, sell，wash, open等當強調動作執行情況時, 有被動語態; 當用作不及物動詞來說明主語本身所具有的特征時,無被動語態。
The computerswere sold out, because theysell well.
電腦被賣光了，因為它們賣得好。
The clothwashes easily.
這布很好洗。
4)在“too…to…”結構和形容詞 enough to do結構中,通常用主動形式表示被動意義。
The problem is too difficult to work out.
5)常見的被動語態的句型搭配
據說..... It is said that ...
據報導.. It is reported that ...
據推測..... It is supposed that ...
希望.... It is hoped that ...
眾所周知..... It is well known that ...
普遍認為..... It is generally considered that ...
有人建議..... It is suggested that
【專項訓練】合計25題
1. A red sky in the morning _______ to be a sign of bad weather.
A. says B. is saying C. is said D. is being said
2. The book _______ for anyone who wants to learn more about the Internet.
A. is intended B. has intended C. is intending D. will intend
3. Blood is the medium in which oxygen _______ to all parts of the body.
A. is carried B. has carried C. is carrying D. will carry
4. If the package _______ well, we assume the contents are also wonderful.
A. is wrapped B. has wrapped C. is wrapping D. will wrap
5. Both hydrogen and oxygen are elements, but water, which _______ when they combine, is not.
A. is formed B. has formed C. is forming D. will form
6. The swimmer hung on to the rope and _______ to safety.
A. is pulled B. has pulled C. was pulled D. was pulling
7. Einstein _______ the Nobel Prize for his contribution to Quantum Theory.
A. is awarded B. has awarded C. was awarded D. was awarding
8. They ought to have arrived at lunchtime but the flight _______.
A. is delayed B. has delayed C. was delayed D. was delaying
9. The crunch came when she _______ to choose between her marriage and her career.
A. is forced B. has forced C. was forced D. was forcing
10. I _______ to wait four hours before I was examined by a doctor.
A. made B. has made C. was made D. was making
11. Anyone seen carrying boxes, bags, or whatever, _______ by the police.
A. stopped B. has stopped C. was stopped D. was stopping
12. I can’t turn a blind eye when someone _______.
A. has robbed B. was robbed C. was robbing D. is being robbed
13. The dealer will provide you with a courtesy car while your vehicle_______.
A. has repaired B. was repaired C. is being repaired D. was been repaired
14. The Olympic torch is carried by runners to the place where the games _______.
A. has held B. was held C. are being held D. were been held
15. He apologized to the people who _______.
A. affected B. has affected C. have been affected D. had been affected
16. No decision ______ until next year, so you’ll just have to wait and see.
A. have made B. are made C. will make D. will be made
17. Candidates who are successful in the written test ______ for an interview.
A. have invited B. have been invited C. will invite D. will be invited
18. There is every chance that more jobs ______ later this year.
A. will lose B. will be lost C. have lost D. have been lost
19. There’s still a ray of hope that the missing child ______ alive.
A. was found B. have found C. will find D. will be found
20. Full details of the election results ______ in a special edition of tomorrow’s newspaper.
A. will publish B. will be published C. have published D. have been published
21. No-one knows how many people ______ since the war began.
A. have killed B. have been killed C. killed D. were killed
22. She has written two novels, both of which ______ into television series.
A. have made B. have been made C. had made D. had been made
23. Due to the recent high cost of borrowing, many companies ______ to close.
A. had forced B. had been forced C. have forced D. have been forced
24. Once the goods ______ for they will be delivered at your convenience.
A. have paid B. have been paid C. will pay D. will been paid
25. At least fifty four people ______ and a further fifty are missing.
A. have killed B. have been killed C. will kill D. will be killed
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