過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

1

含義

表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。

would come

I didn't know if he.

我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。

would become

They never knew that populationa big problem.

他們從來(lái)都不知道人口問(wèn)題將會(huì)成為一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。

would visit

Betty said shethe Great Wall next Saturday.

貝蒂說(shuō)下周六她要去參觀長(zhǎng)城。

2

基本構(gòu)成

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成和一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成一樣，只要把助動(dòng)詞will，shall變成過(guò)去式即可，即“would/should+do”。其中should

肯定句：

主語(yǔ)+ would/should+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.

否定句：

主語(yǔ)+ would/should not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.

一般疑問(wèn)句：

Would/Should +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?

特殊疑問(wèn)句：

疑問(wèn)詞+ would/should+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?

3

基本用法

1. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

wouldn't open

This door.

老是打不開(kāi)

這扇門(mén)。

would play

Iwhen I was a child.

總是和他一起玩

當(dāng)我還是孩童時(shí)，。

would accept

2.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)還可用于間接引語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)從句中。I thought hethe invitation, but he refused it.我原以為他會(huì)接受邀請(qǐng)，但他拒絕了。He didn't expect that weallthere.他沒(méi)想到我們都在那里。

4

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其他幾種結(jié)構(gòu)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)除了“would +動(dòng)詞原形”，還有：was/were going to do, was/were about to do, was/were due to do, was/ were to do 等，他們含義相近，但也略有區(qū)別。

1.was/were going to do表示準(zhǔn)備、計(jì)劃做某事，或?qū)⒁�發(fā)生某事。如：

was going to leave

Hewhen you arrived.你到達(dá)時(shí)他正準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)。Helast night, but it rained.他本打算昨晚來(lái)的，但是下雨了。I thought therea storm soon.我想將有一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨來(lái)臨。

was about to leave

2. was/wereabout to do表示“正要，即將”。如：Shewhen a car drove up.她正要離開(kāi)時(shí)一輛車(chē)開(kāi)了過(guò)來(lái)。We all felt that our luck.我們都認(rèn)為快要轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)了。Hethe race. Suddenly he stumbled and fell.他就要贏得賽跑比賽時(shí)，突然腳下一絆摔倒了。

was due to graduate

3. was/were due to do表示“定于(某時(shí)做某事)”。如：Hein July.他將于七月份畢業(yè)。The shipat mid-night.這艘船定于午夜啟航。The conferencefive days.會(huì)議將持續(xù)五天。

4.was/were to do表示曾計(jì)劃做某事，如果計(jì)劃的事情沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)，要用不定式完成時(shí)。如：

was to

He said hetake up the position.

他說(shuō)他要承擔(dān)這個(gè)職務(wù)。

was to

He said hethe position, but later he changed his mind.

他說(shuō)他本打算承擔(dān)這個(gè)職務(wù)的，但是后來(lái)改變了主意。

拓展：

was/were to do 有時(shí)表示“后來(lái)，結(jié)果，注定”的含義，并非單純地指過(guò)去的將來(lái)。如：

was to

At that time he did not know that quitting the jobbecome the turning point in his life.

那時(shí)候他還不知道，辭去這份工作成了他生活的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。

5. come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的含義。如：

was leaving

He said the trainat six the next morning.

他說(shuō)火車(chē)將于第二天早晨六點(diǎn)離開(kāi)。

was coming

She told me sheto see me.

她告訴我她要來(lái)看我。

5

典型錯(cuò)誤例析

1. 我們不知道他是否要在會(huì)上發(fā)言。

誤：

We didn't know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.

正：

We didn't know whether heat the meeting.

析：該句主句為過(guò)去時(shí)，且賓語(yǔ)從句表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以從句要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。

2. 王林打電話告訴她媽媽，她要買(mǎi)一些書(shū)。

誤：

Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.

正：

Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that shebuy some books.

析：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)可以由“助動(dòng)詞should/would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，但should只用于第一人稱，而would可用于各種人稱。

6

練習(xí)及答案

【典型考例】

1.(2020甘肅)When will Ms. Zhu leave? I didn't know.(改為含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)

I didn't know Ms. Zhu leave.

答案：when; would

解析：賓語(yǔ)從句以疑問(wèn)詞when開(kāi)頭;主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主過(guò)從必過(guò)，從句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，will改為would。

2.(2019江蘇無(wú)錫)— Uncle Sam said he my birthday party, but he never showed up.

— That's Uncle Sam. He forgets everything!

A. will attend

B. would attend

C. has attended

D. had attended

答案：B

解析：因?yàn)橹骶渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)said，所以，賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，即“would+動(dòng)詞原形或was/were going to +動(dòng)詞原形”，所以，正確答案為B。句意是：—山姆叔叔說(shuō)，他要來(lái)參加我的生日聚會(huì)，可是他卻沒(méi)有露面。—山姆叔叔就是那樣的。他忘記啦!

3.(2019河南)Jerry didn't pay me back, but he promised that he this Sunday.

A. must

B. could

C. would

D. should

答案：C

解析：根據(jù)前半句中“didn't pay”及后半句主句中的“promised”，可知此處應(yīng)使用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài);再根據(jù)“this Sunday”可知，此處是從過(guò)去看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，即“should/would +動(dòng)詞原形”。此處主語(yǔ)he是第三人稱，故助動(dòng)詞只能用would，所以正確答案是C。句意：杰瑞沒(méi)有還我錢(qián)，但他答應(yīng)這個(gè)星期天會(huì)還我的。

【強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】

用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空

1. Miss Zhang said she (visit) the Great Wall next summer.

2. She told him that she (not stay) here for long.

3. She said the bus (leave) at five the next morning.

4. I wasn't sure whether he (lend) me his book the next morning.

5. He was fifty-six. In two years he (be) fifty-eight.

6. Whenever she had time, she (help) them in their work.

【答案】

1. would visit

2. would not stay

3. was leaving

4. would lend

5. would be

6. would help

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