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過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成

肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞……

否定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+現(xiàn)在分詞……

疑問(wèn)句：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞……?

疑問(wèn)代詞/疑問(wèn)副詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞……?

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過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句

句型：主語(yǔ)+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞……

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成方式：

如：All the pupils were writing their homework in the classroom then.

那時(shí)，所有的小學(xué)生都在教室里寫(xiě)作業(yè)。

By the time we got there，it was already getting dark.

等我們趕到那里時(shí)，天已經(jīng)黑下來(lái)了。

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過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定形式

句型：主語(yǔ)+ was/were+not +現(xiàn)在分詞...

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句是在助動(dòng)詞 was/were 后加 not，后接現(xiàn)在分詞。

如：They were not playing basketball，but playing volleyball.

他們不是在打籃球，而是打排球。

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過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句

句型：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞...?

回答方式：Yes，主語(yǔ)+was/were...

No，主語(yǔ)+was/were+not...

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句是將助動(dòng)詞 was/were 置于主語(yǔ)之前(大寫(xiě) was/were 的第一個(gè)字母)，在句尾加問(wèn)號(hào);這種語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)倒裝語(yǔ)序。

如：—Were you having dinner when they came?

他們來(lái)的時(shí)候，你們是否在吃飯?

—Yes，we were./No，we weren't.

是的，在吃飯。/不，不在吃飯。

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過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句

⒈ 句型：疑問(wèn)代詞（主語(yǔ)）+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞……?

疑問(wèn)代詞/疑問(wèn)副詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞……?

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句是將疑問(wèn)代詞/疑問(wèn)副詞置于助動(dòng)詞 was/were 之前(was/were 的第一個(gè)字母無(wú)需大寫(xiě))，和一般疑問(wèn)句差不多，在句尾加問(wèn)號(hào);這種語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)倒裝語(yǔ)序。就主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)，將疑問(wèn)代詞或帶有疑問(wèn)限定詞的名詞詞組置于助動(dòng)詞was/were之前，在句尾加問(wèn)號(hào);這種語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序。

如：—Who was singing last night?

昨晚是誰(shuí)在唱歌?(就主語(yǔ)提問(wèn))

—Tom was singing last night.

是湯姆。

—What was she doing when he called?

當(dāng)他來(lái)訪時(shí)，她在做什么?(就賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn))

—She was reading when he called.

她在看書(shū)。

What was that man doing in your room?

那個(gè)男人在你房間里做什么?(就賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn))

⒉ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成方式的比較：

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過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法

⒈ 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

常和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)如 then(那時(shí))，at this(that)time(在這時(shí)/那時(shí))，yesterday(昨天)，last year(去年)等連用。但在不少情況下，沒(méi)有表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，此時(shí)需通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。

如：—What were you doing at about 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon?

昨天下午 4 點(diǎn)鐘左右你在做什么?

—I was listening to music.

我在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。

Jane was working on her homework last night.

簡(jiǎn)昨晚在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。

⒉ 在某事（動(dòng)作）發(fā)生前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)經(jīng)常在一個(gè)句子里使用。用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于主句，亦可用于從句。

如：Just as I was leaving the house，the telephone rang.

我正要出門(mén)，電話鈴響了。(用于從句)

He broke his leg when he was playing football.

他踢足球的時(shí)候把腿傷了。(用于從句)

She was reading when he called.

他來(lái)訪時(shí)，她正在看書(shū)。(用于主句)

⒊ 表示同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

如：While you were writing letters，I was reading a book.

你寫(xiě)信的時(shí)候，我在看書(shū)。

While we were having breakfast，John was talking on the telephone.

我們吃早飯的時(shí)候，約翰在打電話。

⒋ 表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)亦可表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常用在間接引語(yǔ)中。

如：She was leaving early the next morning.

第二天一早她就要離開(kāi)此地了。(從過(guò)去某時(shí)間看)

She asked whether he was coming back for lunch.

她問(wèn)他晚飯是否回家來(lái)吃。(用于間接引語(yǔ)中)

We were coming to see you，but it rained(so we didn't).

我們本預(yù)備來(lái)看你，只是下雨了。

⒌ 表示客氣的詢問(wèn)

用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)比用一般過(guò)去時(shí)更客氣，更不肯定。

如：I was wondering about it.

我對(duì)那事感到疑惑。

I was wondering how to get there quickly

/where to spend the weekend.

我想知道怎樣才能迅速到達(dá)那里/在何處度周末。

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過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) VS 一般過(guò)去時(shí)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性。一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作，即用一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示有過(guò)這件事或比較短暫的動(dòng)作：

如：He talked to his girlfriend on the phone yesterday.

昨天他和女朋友通過(guò)電話。

He was talking to his girlfriend on the phone when I came in.

我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，他在和女朋友通電話。

It rained yesterday.

昨天下過(guò)雨。(不一定是一整天)

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真題演練

1. —What do you think of the talk show last night?

—I didn't watch it.I ____ mum withsome chores.

A.helped

B.was helping

C.have helped

2.— I called you last night, but nobody answered.Where were you then?

—Oh, I ____ my pet dog in my yard.

A. walked

B. was walking

C. am walking

3. I saw him in the library yesterday.He ____a book at that moment.

A. reads

B. is reading

C. was reading

4. —What were you doing at this time yesterday?

—I ____on the grass and drawing a picture.

A. sit

B. sat

C. am sitting

D.was sitting

5. —I went to your office at 9:00 yesterday morning, but you were not in.

—Sorry, I ____ with the manager in the meetingroom at that time.

A. am talking

B. was talking

C. were talking

D. have talked

答案及解析

1、【答案】B

【解析】句意：一一你覺(jué)得昨天晚上的談話節(jié)目怎樣?—一我沒(méi)有看，我在幫助媽媽做家務(wù)。A.helped一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，B. was helping 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過(guò)去正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;C.have helped 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。本題表示談話節(jié)目上演時(shí)，我正在幫忙做家務(wù)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故選 B。

2、【答案】B

【解析】句意：一—昨晚我給你打電話了，但是沒(méi)人接，那時(shí)你在哪里?——哦，我在院子里正____在我的寵物狗。A.一般過(guò)去時(shí);B.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);C.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù) Where were you then， 可知是昨晚打電話那時(shí)正在遛狗，所以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選 B。

3、【答案】C

【解析】at that moment 意為“在那時(shí)”，表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選 C。句意是：我昨天在圖書(shū)館里看見(jiàn)他了，那時(shí)他正在看書(shū)。

4、【答案】D

【解析】句意：一昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候你在做什么?一我正坐在草地上畫(huà)畫(huà)。問(wèn)句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以答語(yǔ)也應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，was sitting故選 D。

5、【答案】B

【解析】句意：一—昨天早上九點(diǎn)我去了你的辦公室，但是你不在。——對(duì)不起，在那時(shí)我正在會(huì)議室和經(jīng)理說(shuō)話。A.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);B.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);C.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);D.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù) at 9：00 yesterday morning 可知是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是 was/were+doing，主語(yǔ)是I，所以用was，talk 的 ing 是 talking，故選 B。

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