現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示1)過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.(即它的"完成用法")e.g. I have just cleaned the classroom.

2)過去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。注意：此時(shí)動(dòng)作可能還要繼續(xù)。(即它的"未完成用法")。E.g. He has lived in Beijing for ten years.

其結(jié)構(gòu)是“have/has+過去分詞”。過去分詞的變化分規(guī)則與不規(guī)則兩種。規(guī)則變化與過去式相同，不規(guī)則變化需要另記。

它的否定句是在have/has后邊加not，變一般疑問句是把have/has提前。E.g. I have ridden a horse. I have not ridden a horse. Have you ridden a horse?

它的時(shí)間狀語通常為already, just, yet, ever, never, before等。另外還可和since+表過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段連用。

做題時(shí)常見錯(cuò)誤如下：

一、易丟掉have/has

例：He taken (take) the medicine before.

答案：has taken

解析：have/has 為助動(dòng)詞，起構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的作用，是不能省略的。我們可以這樣記：“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，have/has 不可缺。”

二、have與has易用混

例：I has never heard (hear) of that before.

答案：have heard

三、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與短暫性動(dòng)詞易弄錯(cuò)

例：She has left (離開) for 2 hours.

答案：has been away

解析：在肯定句中，與since或for引出的時(shí)間狀語連用的是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能是短暫性動(dòng)詞，但在否定句中短暫性動(dòng)詞也是可以的。E.g. I haven't bought clothes for one year. 在此題中l(wèi)eave是短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與for+時(shí)間段連用，須把它改成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如stop be over等。此題中l(wèi)eave要改成be away。這兩種詞的轉(zhuǎn)換是學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)需要注意的。

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

"

1、單選

1 You have _____ a tall young man.

A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up

2 He has ____ the watch for a year.

A buy B bought C have D had

3 Has your brother _____ the dog?

A kept in B fed C fed on D kept on

4I _____this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.

A borrowed B have borrowed C kept D have kept

5 Have you ever _____to the Great Wall? It's very beautiful.

A gone B been C went D go

6 Her brother _____the Party since 1978.

A joined B has joined C has been in D was in

7 The Greens _____many places of interest since they came to China.

A will visit B visited C have visited D visit

8 I'm sorry, I ____ your name.

A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten

9 The bookshop _____ for eight years.

A has been open B has been opened Chas opened D has open

10 We have all the paper so we need to buy some.

A used up B made of C filled with D hunted for

11 The flower I ____grown up.

A planted has B planted have C has planted D have planted

答案：1B 2 D 3 B 4D 5 B 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 A 11 A

2、填空

1 Have you ever ______(take) a train?

2 It _________(be ) more than three years since Jim ______(leave) here.

3 Have you _____(make)friends with your new classmates yet?

4 I _______(have) my lunch and I'm not hungry now.

5 Jim has never seen a panda, _____he?

6 We ______(be) good friends since we met at school.

7 We can't find him anywhere. Perhaps he______(go) home.

8 He _____(read) the book before.

9 Mr. Green _____(teach) us a lot about social studies since September.

10 I _____never____ (meet) her sister before.

答案：1 taken 2 has been, left 3made 4 have had 5 has 6 have been 7 has gone 8 has read 9 has taught 10 have met

四、have been to與 have gone to 易弄混

例：我去過北京。

I have gone to Beijing.

答案：I have been to Beijing.

解析："have been to+地點(diǎn)" 是表示曾去過某地，但此刻不在那兒(即在說話的地方)。而"have gone to+地點(diǎn)" 是表示去某地了，此刻在路上或已經(jīng)到了那個(gè)地方(即不在說話的地方)。注意：這兩個(gè)句式后接副詞時(shí)，需省to。E.g. He has gone there.

五、 忘記把a(bǔ)lready變成yet

例：I have already finished my homework.(變一般疑問句)

Have you already finished your homework?

答案：Have you finished your homework yet?

解析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，肯定句中有already，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)通常要改為yet.

六、在條件、時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來

例：I'll go with you when I finish(finish) my homework.

答案：have finished

解析：在條件、時(shí)間狀語從句中表示將來完成的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但注意，此時(shí)表示這動(dòng)作將在另一動(dòng)作之前完成，若兩動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，則一般不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

另外，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)易與一般過去時(shí)弄混，前邊已經(jīng)講過,這里不在重復(fù)。

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