代詞可以分為以下七大類

1代詞語法的基本框架

1	人稱代詞	主格	I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
		賓格	me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
2	物主代詞	形容詞性	my, your, his, her, its, our, their
		名詞性	mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
3	反身代詞		myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
4	指示代詞		this, that, these, those, such, some
5	疑問代詞		who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
6	關(guān)系代詞		that, which, who, whom, whose, as
7	不定代詞		one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,
			other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either

形容詞性物主代詞的相關(guān)短語

all one’s life 某人一生，終生

change one’s mind 改變某人的主意

lose one’s life 某人喪生

take one’s time 不著急，慢慢來

with one’s help 在某人的幫助下

do/try one’s best 盡某人最大的努力

lose one’s way 某人迷路

hold one’s breath 某人屏住呼吸

make up one’s mind 某人下定決心

to one’s surprise 令某人感到驚訝的是

反身代詞的相關(guān)短語

dress oneself自己穿衣服

by oneself單獨地，獨自地

keep sth. to oneself保密

prove oneself證明自己

enjoy oneself玩得愉快

hurt oneself傷害自己

for oneself為自己，親自

come to oneself 恢復(fù)，蘇醒

lose oneself失去自我

help oneself (to)自用(食物等)

teach oneself=learn by oneself自學(xué)

不定代詞用法注意點

1. one, some與any

1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。2) some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請求等。Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，some表示某個，any表示任何一個。I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.

2. each和every

each強調(diào)個別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.

3. none和no

no等于not any，作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.

How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.

4. other和another

1) other泛指“另外的，別的”

the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復(fù)數(shù)為the others。

He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.

Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.

2) another指“又一個，另一個”無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”

I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).

Some like football, while others like basketball.

5. all和both, neither和either

all表示不可數(shù)名詞時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.

All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.

Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.

6. little 幾乎沒有修飾不可數(shù)名詞

a little 一些 修飾不可數(shù)名詞

few 幾乎沒有修飾可數(shù)名詞

a few 一些 修飾可數(shù)名詞

7. 復(fù)合不定代詞

復(fù)合不定代詞的辨析及復(fù)合不定代詞與形容詞的位置關(guān)系上。解答不定代詞的辨析類試題，首先要分析語境或找出句中的關(guān)鍵詞，并明確代詞所指代的對象：①指代人還是指代物;②肯定概念還是否定概念;③有沒有固定句型。因此考生在復(fù)習(xí)過程中應(yīng)掌握復(fù)合不定代詞的基本用法。

2代詞在選擇題中的運用

當(dāng)選項同為人稱代詞（

如：能代表第三人稱

能代表第三人稱

1—Excuse me, what’s your name?—_____ name is Betty.

A. MyB. HisC. HerD. Your

【答案】A

【解析】考查物主代詞詞義辨析。句意“打擾一下，請問你叫什么名字?”“____名字是貝蒂。”四個選項都為形容詞性物主代詞。根據(jù)句子中的”your”可知，問的對象是你，所以回合時主語應(yīng)該是“我”，此處是指“我的名字是貝蒂”。故選A。

2.Each time I listen to Erquan Yingyue, a picture of _____ sad beauty appears in my mind.

A. itB. itsC. it’sD. itself

【答案】B

【解析】考查代詞的用法。句意為：每次我聽《二泉映月》時一幅凄美的畫面就出現(xiàn)在我的腦海里。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處需修飾限定后面的名詞beauty，故用形容詞性物主代詞its。故選B。

3.Help _____ to food and drinks, boys and girls!

A. yoursB. youC. yourD. yourselves

【答案】D

【解析】考查人稱代詞詞義辨析。句意：男孩和女孩們!隨意吃食物、喝飲料吧!help oneself to請自取……。再根據(jù)boys and girls可知為復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選D。

4.Miss Zhang is _____ English teacher. She has taught in our school for ten years.

A. me B. my C. I D. mine

【答案】B

【解析】考查人稱代詞詞義辨析。句意為:張小姐是____英語老師。她在我們學(xué)校教書10年了。根據(jù)句意可知此處是指“我的”英語老師，需用I的形容詞性物主代詞my修飾。故選B。

5.This morning I forgot to bring food. And it’s kind of you to share _____ with me.

A. you B. yours C. my D. mine

【答案】B

【解析】考查人稱代詞詞義辨析。句意為：今天早晨我忘記帶食物了。你真好，和我分享____。you你(們)，人稱代詞主格或賓格;yours你(們)的，名詞性物主代詞;my我的，形容詞性物主代詞;mine我的，名詞性物主代詞。由句意可知，空格處指物，故應(yīng)用能夠替代 your food的名詞性物主代詞。故選B。

6.Whenever Mary reads an interesting story, she can’t keep it to _____ and wants to share it with her friends.

A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself

【答案】D

【解析】考查人稱代詞詞義辨析。句意為：無論什么時候瑪麗讀到一則有趣的故事，她都不能獨享，并且想跟她的朋友們分享。she她，代詞主格;her她，人物代詞賓格或形容詞性物主代詞;hers她的，名詞性物主代詞;herself她自己，反身代詞。keep… to oneself為固定用法，意為“保守秘密”，故選D。

7.—Which city would you like to live in, Beijing or Shanghai?

—____. I’d like to choose Kunming.

A. EitherB. BothC. NeitherD. None

【答案】C

【解析】考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意“你想住在哪座城市，北京還是上海?”“____。我會選擇昆明。”Either二者之一;Both二者都;Neither二者都不;None沒有一個，常指對三者或三者以上事物或人的否定。從“I’d like to choose Kunming.”可知是對前面兩座城市的否定。因此，Neither符合語境。故選C。

8.—Can you speak Chinese, Steve?

—Yes, only ____. I have been in China for only one month.

A. few B. a few C. little D. a little

【答案】D

【解析】考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為“史蒂夫，你會說漢語嗎?”“是的，只____。我在中國僅僅待了一個月。”few幾乎沒有(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù));a few一些、幾個(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù));little幾乎沒有(修飾不可數(shù)名詞);a little一點兒(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)。根據(jù)答語“Yes”以及“I have been in China for only one month.” 可知他會說，但會得不多，漢語是不可數(shù)名詞，所以用a little。故選D。

9.—How did you get the MP4, from a shop or by phone?

— ____. I always like shopping online.

A. NoneB. NeitherC. BothD. All

【答案】B

【解析】考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為“你是如何買的這個MP4，從商店還是通過電話?” “____。我總是喜歡網(wǎng)購。”None(三者或三者以上)都不;Neither兩者都不;Both兩者都;All(三者或三者以上)都。根據(jù)答語 “I always like shopping online.”可推知既不是從商店買的，也不是通過電話買的，二者都不是。故選B。

10.—Would you like to play basketball or football?

— ____ is OK. I am good at both of them, so it’s up to you.

A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. All

【答案】A

【解析】考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意：這道題是這么難，以至于____學(xué)生能回答上來。根據(jù)前【解析】考查普通不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為“你想打籃球還是踢足球?”都可以。兩個我都擅長，所以你決定。Either表示兩者中任意一者;Neither表示兩者都不;Both表示兩者都;All表示三者或三者以上都。根據(jù)答語“I am good at both of them, so it’s up to you.”可知，此處表示兩者中任意一個都可以。故選A。文“so difficult”可知后半句表示否定含義，且students為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故選A。

11—I don’t know how to do. Any good suggestions?

—Don’t always think of yourself, and you should also think of ____.

A. the other B. another C. others D. other

【答案】C

【解析】考查普通不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為“我不知道該怎么做。(你)有好的建議嗎?” “不要總想著你自己，你應(yīng)該為____著想。” the other兩者中的另一個;another三者及三者以上的另一個;others其他的人/物;other別的，其他的。根據(jù)句意可知此處指“其他人”。故選C。

12.My twin brothers promised my parents to give up playing computer games, but ____ of them made it.

A. either B. both C. none D. neither

【答案】D

【解析】考查普通不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為：我的兩個雙胞胎哥哥(弟弟)向我的父母許諾放棄玩電腦游戲，但是他們____做到。either表示兩者中的任何一個;both表示兩者都;none表示三者或三者以上都不;neither表示兩者都不。根據(jù)本句中關(guān)鍵詞twin brothers可知是兩個人，所以首先排除C，同時由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知兩個哥哥(弟弟)都沒有實現(xiàn)他們的諾言。故選D。

13.Most students are playing on the playground and there are still ____ students staying in the classroom.

A. a few B. few C. a little D. little

【答案】A

【解析】考查普通不定代詞詞義辨析。句意：大部分學(xué)生正在操場上玩，還有____學(xué)生待在教室。a few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表肯定;few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表否定;a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表肯定;little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表否定。由句意可知是指“還有一些學(xué)生待在教室里”。故選A。

14.____ of my time is spent on learning. So I have made much progress in my study.

A. Many B. Much C. Few D. A few

【答案】B

【解析】考查普通不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為：我大多數(shù)的時間都花費在學(xué)習(xí)上。所以我在學(xué)習(xí)上取得了很大進(jìn)步。time為不可數(shù)名詞，故選B。

15.There is ___ juice in the fridge. I must go to the supermarket at once to buy some.

A. much B. a few C. little D. many

【答案】C

【解析】考查普通不定代詞詞義辨析。句意：冰箱里果汁。我必須立即去超市買一些。根據(jù)后一句“立即去超市買一些”可知，冰箱里幾乎沒有果汁了，表示否定意義，juice為不可數(shù)名詞。故選C。

16.—It’s sunny outside. Why not go out and have a look?

—There ____ is here. I just want to have a rest.

A. nothing special B. something new

C. everything amazing D. anything similar

【答案】A

【解析】考查復(fù)合不定代詞的用法。句意“外邊天氣晴朗。為什么不出去看看呢?”“這里____。我只想休息一下。”nothing special沒什么特別的;something new一些新的東西;everything amazing令人驚奇的事情;anything similar任何相似的事情。根據(jù)后句“I just want to have a rest.我只想休息一下。(不想去看)”可知此處表達(dá)沒什么特別的。故選A。

17.—Where would you like to go this Mid-Autumn Festival?

—I’d like to go ____.

A. everywhere relaxing B. somewhere relaxing

C. peaceful anywhere D. peaceful somewhere

【答案】B

【解析】考查復(fù)合不定副詞的用法。句意“這個中秋節(jié)你想去哪里?”“我想去____。”地點副詞與形容詞連用時，形容詞后置，排除選項C、D。everywhere relaxing使人放松的每個地方;somewhere relaxing使人放松的某個地方。結(jié)合句意可知選B。

18.—Much personal information is stolen when people buy things on the Internet.

—Terrible! _____ must be done to keep the Internet safety.

A. Everything B. Anything C. Something D. Nothing

【答案】C

【解析】考查復(fù)合不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為“許多用戶的信息在他們網(wǎng)上購物時被竊取了。”“真糟糕!____必須做來保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。”Everything每件事;Anything任何事;Something一些事;Nothing沒有事。根據(jù)語境及常理可知應(yīng)該做一些事來保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。故選C。

19.I find ____ necessary to learn about the customs of a country before you go there.

A. that B. this C. it D. one

【答案】C

【解析】考查指示代詞的用法。句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn)在去一個國家前,學(xué)習(xí)那個國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣很有必要。that那,那個，表遠(yuǎn)指;this這,這個，表近指;it它,指代上文提到的對象;one一件,代表與上文同一類但不同一的事物。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)是固定句型:find + it + adj. + to do sth.,表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事……”,其中it是形式賓語,動詞不定式作真正的賓語。故選C。

20—Hello, Linda speaking. Who’s ____?

—Hello, this is Martin.

A. it B. one C. that D. this

【答案】C

【解析】考查指示代詞的用法。句意為“你好，我是琳達(dá)。____是誰?”“你好，我是馬丁。”打電話，詢問對方是誰用that，故選C。

3代詞在正確形式填空題中的運用

根據(jù)語境判斷

填人稱代詞賓格的判斷方法：

填物主代詞的判斷方法：

1.Last week the students went skating and enjoyed __________ very much. (them)

【答案】themselves

【解析】句意：上周，學(xué)生們?nèi)セ�冰了并且玩得非常開心。enjoy oneself玩得開心，因主語為the students，故填themselves。

2.On my last birthday, my brother bought _____ a book as a gift.(I)

【答案】me

【解析】句意：在我的上一個生日，我的哥哥給買了一本書作為禮物。bought是動詞，后面跟代詞賓格形式作賓語，I的賓格形式為me。故填me。

3.So far, our football team has won every match this year. That makes _____ feel proud.(we)

【答案】us

【解析】句意：至今，我們的足球隊已經(jīng)贏了，今年的每場比賽。這令我們驕傲。make為動詞，后面跟代詞賓格形式作賓語，we的賓格形式是us。故填us。

4.Your classroom is on the second floor and ______ is on the third floor.(we)

【答案】ours

【解析】句意:你們的教室在二樓，____在三樓。根據(jù)and可知，前后都指教室。此處指我們的教室，題干沒有出現(xiàn)classroom，所以要用名詞性物主代詞ours,故填ours。

5.The two girls helped a woman find her lost son on _______ way home. (they)

【答案】their

【解析】句意：在____回家的路上，這兩個女孩幫助一位女士找到了她走失的兒子。on one's way home，意為“在某人回家的路上”，they的形容詞性物主代詞為their。故填their。

6.We shouldn’t take these game shows too seriously while watching _____.(they)

【答案】them

【解析】句意：當(dāng)我們觀看這些游戲節(jié)目時，我們不應(yīng)該太嚴(yán)肅地看待。動詞后跟人稱代詞賓格形式，故填them。

7.If you are visiting a patient in hospital, you’d better keep ______ voice down and do not disturb others.(you)

【答案】your

【解析】句意：如果你正在看望住院的病人，你最好把____聲音放低，不要打擾其他人。根據(jù)句意可知此處是指“你的”聲音, 應(yīng)用you的形容詞性物主代詞。故填your。

8.To _____ surprise, all my friends came to my birthday party. (I)

【答案】my

【解析】句意：令____驚喜的是，我所有的朋友都來我的生日聚會了。to one’s surprise意為“令某人驚訝的是”，應(yīng)填形容詞性物主代詞。故填my。

4代詞在句子中的運用

it的常用句型

(1)作形式主語：

It is+ adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.對某人來說做某事是怎么樣的。

It takes/took sb.some time/money to do sth.做某事花費某人多少時間/金錢。

It’s+adj.+that從句。如：

(2)作形式賓語：常用在動詞find, think, make, consider, feel等詞后。

練一練

一、完成句子

1.Both are working at that computer company.我和他都在那家電腦公司上班

2.There is on the table. 桌子上有一些美味的東西

3.Would you like to eat?我想要一些吃的

4.took me three hours this work.完成這項工作花費了我3個小時。

5.It’s normal they have different .他們有不同的看法，這很正常。

6.It is for us to . 努力工作對我們來說很重要。

7.Do you think necessary to learn ?　你認(rèn)為學(xué)會烹飪很有必要嗎?

【答案】1.he and I 2. something delicious 3. something4. It to finish5. that views 6.important work hard7. it cooking

二、翻譯句子

1.他的習(xí)慣和我的相同。

2.請隨便吃一些蔬菜。

3.外面雨下得很大。

4.學(xué)英語對我們很重要。

5.這得天氣和北京的不同。

6.我有兩把筆，一把是紅的，另一把是黑的。

7.我還需要三個小時才能完成這項工作。

【答案】1.His hobby is different from mine

2.Help yourself to some vegetables

3.It is raining heavily outside

4.It is important for us to learn English

5.The wealth here is different from that in Beijing

6.I have two pens ， one is red the other is bleak

7.I need another three hours to finish the work

5代詞在語篇中的運用

I’m Tom. I ‘m from NO.1 middle school. In my school, students are usually interested in sports. Some like running ;1 (一些) like swimming 2(其他的) like ball games. But 3 (我的) interest is different from 4 (他們的). I like reading. There are quite 5 (一些) old books on the shelf , but 6 (沒有) of them is useful to 7 (我).

I always 8 (自學(xué)) on the internet. I have three friends in China. 9 (都)of them are famous doctors, but 10沒有 of them has been to Britain. I really want to go to China to meet 11 (我的一些朋友)and eat 12 (一些不同). I think we will (玩的開心).

【答案】

1. Some2 others3.mine

4.theirs 5.a few 6.none

7.me 8.teach myself

9. All 10.none

11.some friends of mine

12. something different

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