從屬連詞

常見的從屬連詞有：

(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的if, unless等。

(3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的because, as, since等。

(4)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的so that, in order that等。

(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的though, although, even if等。

(6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的so that, so…that, such…that等。

(7)引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的than, as…as等。

(8)引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that, if , whether等。

1 that

I think(that) he likes football.

我想他喜歡足球。

that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句)和定語從句，本書只介紹賓語從句。

1.that在賓語從句、間接引語中可以省略，主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。

I think(that) he is tired.我想他累了。

I thought(that) he was tired.

注意

要特別注意主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)。如果主句是過去時(shí)，從句一律改為過去的時(shí)態(tài)，詳見第二十章賓語從句。

2.如果主句的動(dòng)詞是 think， believe…;如果主句的主語是第一人稱，變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)，要否定主句，譯成中文時(shí)，則否定從句。

I believe you will leave here.

我相信，你會(huì)離開這兒的。

I don't believe you will leave here.

我相信，你不會(huì)離開這兒的。

必背!

I hope that～我希望～

I think that～我認(rèn)為～

I say that～我說～

I know that～我知道～

I find that～我發(fā)現(xiàn)～

be afraid that～恐怕～

be sure that～確認(rèn)～

be glad(happy) that～很高興～

(以上的that都可以省略)

2 when，while，till，until，since…

When he arrives there he will call you.

他到達(dá)那兒以后，他會(huì)給你打電話。

when， while， till， until， since， after， before， as soon as等是連接時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞。在時(shí)間狀語從句中要特別注意時(shí)態(tài)的搭配：當(dāng)主句是將來時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

注意

while所引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的，不能用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。(如begin，stop…)

When I arrived there， it was raining.

當(dāng)我到那兒時(shí)，天正在下雨。

I entered the room while(when) Li Ming was talking with her.

我進(jìn)屋時(shí)，李明正在和她談話。

I didn't go to sleep until(till)I finished my homework.

直到我做完作業(yè)，我才上床睡覺。

We won't work until(till) our teacher teaches us how to do it.

老師教給我們?nèi)绾巫鲞@工作之后，我們才會(huì)開始做。

He came to China after the war was over.

比較

連詞連接從句不同，意思不同。

He had been in China before the war was over.

戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束前，他已經(jīng)在中國了。

=The war was over before he came to China.

=The war had been over before he came to China.

戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后，他來到中國。

I have learned more than two thousand English words since I began learning English two years ago.

自從兩年前我開始學(xué)習(xí)英語以來，我已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩千多個(gè)英語單詞了。

注意

since引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)過去時(shí)的句子，說明自當(dāng)時(shí)以來到現(xiàn)在(自從兩年前以來)，主句一般要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

As soon as I get enough money，I'll buy it.

我一得到足夠的錢，就買它。

3 because：因?yàn)椋�連接原因狀語從句

She didn't go there，because she was ill.

因?yàn)樗�病了，所以她沒去那兒。

1.回答Why問句時(shí)，只能用because，不能用for或 as.

Why are you late?

你為什么遲到?

Because I met a traffic accident on my way here.

因?yàn)樵谖襾磉@兒的路上，遇到了車禍。

2.漢語中，我們經(jīng)常說因?yàn)?hellip;…所以，但在英文中有了because，就不能再用so。

(×)Because he was tired， so he couldn't walk there.

因?yàn)樗�累了，所以他不能走到那兒了�?/p>

4 if，though (although)

If it doesn't rain，we'll go to the park.

如果不下雨，我們就去公園。

Though I was tired， I still worked hard.

雖然我很累，可是我仍然努力地工作。

1.if：如果(引導(dǎo)條件從句)

You can pass the exam if you study hard.

如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)及格的。

2.though，although：雖然(引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)和原因狀語從句一樣，如果用了though，although (雖然)就不能再用but(但是)。

Although(Though) I live near the sea， I'm not a good swimmer.

=I live near the sea，but I'm not a good swimmer.

雖然我住在海邊，可是我游泳并不好。

注意

注意時(shí)態(tài)一致，和時(shí)間狀語從句一樣。主句是將來時(shí)之時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

5 so…that：太……以致……

He is so old that he can't work. = He is too old to work.

他太老了，不能工作。

The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.

=The box is too heavy for me to lift.

箱子太沉了，我抬不起來。

The girl is so beautiful that everybody likes her.

這個(gè)小女孩太漂亮了，每個(gè)人都喜歡她。

注意

注意此句型與too…to的互換。

so…that在肯定句中不能轉(zhuǎn)換成too…to…。

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