關(guān)系代詞which和that的區(qū)別

在先行詞是事物的限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，that和which一般可互換。關(guān)系代詞that只引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

1、在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用that，不能用which作關(guān)系代詞的情況

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little, some等不定代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等詞修飾時(shí)。

All that can be done has been done.

所有能做的都做了。

(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、the only, the very, the last等 詞修飾時(shí)。

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。

It’s the most important task that should be finished soon.

這是需要馬上完成的最重要的任務(wù)。

(3)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.

他們談?wù)摿怂麄兯�能記起的在校時(shí)的人和事。

(4)當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)，為避免混淆，不用 which而用that。

Who is the man that is standing by the gate?

站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)?

2、 只用which，不能用that作關(guān)系代詞的情況

(1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能使用關(guān)系代詞which，不能使用關(guān)系代詞that。

He made another wonderful theory discovery, which I think is of great importance to science.

他做出了另外一項(xiàng)精彩的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我認(rèn)為這一發(fā)現(xiàn) 具有重要的科學(xué)意義。

(2)在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能使用關(guān)系詞 which，不能使用that。

The house in which we live is very large.

我們住的房子非常大。

注意如果介詞不放在關(guān)系代詞之前，which就可換為that。

This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.=This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about.

這就是我們已經(jīng)多次討論過(guò)的問(wèn)題。

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