中 考 被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài)

一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述

英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的 句 即：把字句e,g：我吃了兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果①

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的 句 即：被字句e,g：兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果被我吃了②

從①可以看出主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

謂語(yǔ)： “吃”的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)“我”來(lái)執(zhí)行的。

從②可以看出被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。

主語(yǔ)“兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果”是動(dòng)詞“吃”的承受者。

二、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法

將上邊兩個(gè)例子翻譯成英文則為：① I ate 2 apples

②

如何把第一個(gè)例子轉(zhuǎn)化為第二個(gè)例子則是我們同學(xué)得以噢哪個(gè)是考點(diǎn)!下面我們就通過(guò)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

從漢語(yǔ)的變化過(guò)程我們不難看出將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

第一步 判斷

無(wú)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞則不可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，像“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”和“主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)”便無(wú)法變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，中考考察典型動(dòng)詞take place ,happen,change等e,g He _______(feel) better ----He feels better

第二步：主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)位置調(diào)換(這一步必須注意主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)之間格的變化)

針對(duì)①則是：2 apples 不變，而I 則變?yōu)閙e

由前面可知，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，我們暫且認(rèn)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作是通過(guò)賓語(yǔ)完成的，即賓語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于方式，并由九年級(jí)Unit 1得知by表示方式，所以第一步完成之后怎為則是：

主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+( by+賓語(yǔ))。

第二步：(關(guān)鍵的一步)規(guī)定被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)部分結(jié)構(gòu)為'助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞' 構(gòu)成.

這一步要注意，句子要兼顧到時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)這里本人運(yùn)用的是“置換法”即

A：用be去替換援助動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的實(shí)意動(dòng)詞原型。要求be既要滿足原主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)對(duì)動(dòng)詞要求的形式必要時(shí)也要滿足新主語(yǔ)的數(shù).

B：將換出的動(dòng)詞原型變?yōu)檫^(guò)去分詞放在變化了的be后面(這里就要求大家牢記并熟練掌握不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞表)

e,g,I ate 2 apples

用be替換原句中的動(dòng)詞原型eat，由于原句要求動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在式(即原型或單三)，所以be 要變?yōu)閍m /is/ are,而新的主語(yǔ)2 apples要求謂動(dòng)為復(fù)數(shù)，則be 變?yōu)閍re,

再將替換出的動(dòng)詞原型eat變?yōu)檫^(guò)去分詞eaten ,放在are 后，結(jié)合第一步就是：

2 apples are eaten by me

這一步，若原句中，已有助/be/情則根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定

e,g, I am eating an 2 apples---2 apples are(am所變) being eatenby me

通過(guò)上面兩步的介紹，將一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就不難了，我們可以小試牛刀：

1.I buy a cup of milk every morning .

2.He sells books every day

3.My mother drank 2 glasses of water yesterday等等

上面只是我們將一般簡(jiǎn)單的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。也是最基礎(chǔ)的東西，下面我們來(lái)看看被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的應(yīng)試考點(diǎn)：

考點(diǎn)一：make/let sb. do sth see/hear sb. do sth等由省略了to 的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況，在編被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)食物必將to還原

e,g , 1.He made the boyworkfor two hours yesterday

----The boy was madetowork by him for two hours yesterday.

2 .Mother never lets mewatchTV .---------I am never letto watchTV by mother.

考點(diǎn)二：give/lend sb sth等含有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在變化時(shí)，要注意兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都可以變化，當(dāng)“作新主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按照步驟變化;當(dāng)“物”作新主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則需要在“人前加上”to或for

e,g Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

(1)A Christmas present was givento Peterby Jack just now.

(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

考點(diǎn)三：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(九年級(jí)Unit3),由于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后邊要求動(dòng)詞原型，因而，be永遠(yuǎn)為be,所以其結(jié)構(gòu)為'情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞'構(gòu)成(原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后'to'仍要保留。)

e,g We can repair this watch in two days.------This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once.-------It should be done at once.

考點(diǎn)四：由第一步得知無(wú)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞則不可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，像“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”和“主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)”便無(wú)法變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，中考考察典型動(dòng)詞take place ,happen,change等

e,g He _______(feel) better ----He feels better

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法Bill口訣：

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)妙 無(wú)賓不能要

主賓打顛倒 格變不能少 介賓可不要

助be往出跳 去把動(dòng)原叫 時(shí)語(yǔ)兼顧到 人、數(shù)把主照 若是有助動(dòng) 助be則不照

動(dòng)原過(guò)分現(xiàn) 變be后邊站 這是基本變 考點(diǎn)往下看

雙賓均可變 人變順序變 物變to /for現(xiàn) 復(fù)賓補(bǔ)不變 對(duì)于省to案 還原to 來(lái)辦

含情語(yǔ)態(tài)變 不必be來(lái)?yè)Q 情后be +p.p站

三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。

e,g：Some new computers were stolen last night.

一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的)

This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。

(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

e,g：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。

This book was written by him.這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。

初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)練習(xí)題：

一、選擇題(2×15=30分)

( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build

( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.

A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened

( )3.Cotton(棉花) ____ in the southeast of China.

A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow

( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.

A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited

( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.

A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives

( )6.How many trees ____ this year?

A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted

( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done

( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.

A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used

( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.

A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known

( )10.Who _____ this book _____?

A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written

( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us

( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.

A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump

( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.

A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put

( )14.Older people ____ well.

A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after

( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully.

A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened

二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。(1×20=20分)(請(qǐng)注意時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)兩個(gè)方面噢)

1.It's said(據(jù)說(shuō)) that the long bridge______________(build)in two months.

2.Where to have the meeting ______________ (discuss)now.

3.Which language _______the most widely_______(speak)in the world?

4.The lost boy_____________(not find)so far.

5.Last year a large number of trees______________(cut)down.

6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.

7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.

8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.

9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?

They_______________(make) of metal(金屬) and wood.

10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?

11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.

12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.

13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.

14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.

15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city?

16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.

17. Look! Someone __________(dance).

三、按要求改寫(xiě)下列句子，一空一詞。 (1×30=30分)

1.Is tea grown in South China?(改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

_______ people _________ tea in South China?

2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year.

3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (對(duì)劃線提問(wèn))

How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ?

4. The children will sing an English song. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.

5. You needn't do it now. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

It ______ ________ ________ by you now.

6. People use metal for making machines. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

Metal ________ _________ _______making machines.

7. He made me do that for him. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.

8.They are watching the football match.

The football match _______ _______ _______ by them.

9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

__________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago?

10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out.

11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us.

四、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)完成句子，一空一詞。 (1×10=10分)

①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____ (買給我)by my parents as a present last week.

②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________(是國(guó)產(chǎn)的嗎)?

③The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆蓋) the snow.

五、下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正過(guò)來(lái)。 (10分)

①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight. ____________

②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class? ____________

③Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people. ____________

④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________

⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _____________

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