關系詞

1.關系代詞(代表先行詞，在從句中作一定的成分)

在把握具體關系代詞用法時，首先了解定語從句中的主語和賓語

I used to live in thehousewhich was surrounded by flowers and birds.

I used to live in thehousewhich my grandfather had lived in.

這兩個句子中的先行詞都是house，但是他們在定語從句中充當的成分是不一樣的。

第一個句子Which was surrounded by flowers and birds. 這里的which其實就是指代前文中的house，在這個定語從句中The house was surrounded by flowers and birds. house 作主語。(一般來說在謂語動詞前-句首，都是主語，除去倒裝句)

第二個句子，我們在還原在，即 將The house my father had lived in. 修改成 My father had lived inthe house.

顯然，我們這里的house是作介詞in的賓語(如果對于賓語不熟悉，可以去看下賓語從句這篇文章)。

通常如果先行詞作賓語的話，我們的關系詞可以省略，即：

I used to live in the house my father had lived in.

所以，把握主語和賓語，就能完美區分那些省略掉關系詞的定語從句。

1.1 who

一般而言，關系代詞為who時，先行詞是人，可以作主語、賓語

I really admire those people who have acchievd great success.

I can't help those people who I hate. (賓語)

1.2 whom 作賓語

I can't help those people whom I hate.

1.3 that 先行詞既可以是人，也可以是物，可以作主語、賓語

I really admire those people who have acchievd great success.

I can't help those people who I hate.

補充：He is the heroof whomwe are proud.

像這種如果有介詞的話，我們只能用whom，初中考察的比較少，了解即可

1.4 which 指代物 可作主語、賓語

I used to live in the house which was surrounded by flowers and birds

1.5 whose 指代人/物，作定語

I used live in the house whose wall was painted into green.

He is the hero whose father is our English teacher.

補充：

由于that和which，均可以修飾物，有些情況只用that，不用which(了解即可)

1.先行詞由all, much, little, few, something 等不定代詞修飾或先行詞本身是不定代詞

There isnothingthat we can do.

2.先行詞有the only, the same, the very等修飾時

This isthe onlymusic that I love.

3.先行詞有形容詞最高級、序數詞修飾時

This isthe bestfilm that I have ever seen.

4.先行詞既指人又指物

We talked aboutthe person and thingsthat we remembered.

如果考察的話，前面三種比較多(初中階段，平時模擬題會出現)

2.關系副詞 作狀語

關系副詞一般在從句中作狀語，也就是說從句不缺主語、賓語

2.1 when 先行詞表示時間

I will never forget the day when we stayed together.

比較：

I will never forget the day that/which we spent together.

問題：先行詞同樣是 the day，為什么一個用when，一個用that/which?

2.2 where 先行詞表地點

I will never forget the village where we stayed together.

比較：

I will never forget the village that/which is in the east of China.

問題：先行詞同樣是 the village，為什么一個用where，一個用that/which?

2.3 why 先行詞一般為the reason

Can you explain the reason why you are late again?

難點：關系副詞和介詞+which替換

在上述句子中我們可以用相應的介詞+which和關系副詞替換

一般而言why=for which

when=in/on...+which

where=in/on...+which

具體介詞選擇則取決于先行詞

I will never forget the village where(in which)we stayed together.

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