新一輪中考復習備考周期正式開始，中考網(wǎng)為各位初三考生整理了各學科的復習攻略，主要包括中考必考點、中考常考知識點、各科復習方法、考試答題技巧等內(nèi)容，幫助各位考生梳理知識脈絡(luò)，理清做題思路，希望各位考生可以在考試中取得優(yōu)異成績！下面是《2018中考英語知識點：形容詞和副詞》，僅供參考！
形容詞和副詞
（一）形容詞和副詞的用法
1）形容詞是用來描寫或修飾名詞或代詞的一類詞。
2）在句中主要做定語和表語等成分。做定語時修飾名詞或代詞（一般為不定代詞），修飾名詞時常放于名詞前，修飾不定代詞時常放于不定代詞后，做表語時和系動詞連用，構(gòu)成一個系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：
Can you hear the loud noise?（定語）你聽到大的喧鬧聲了嗎？
The noise is very loud.（表語）喧鬧聲很大。
The quiet girl is my sister.（定語）那個安靜的女孩是我妹妹。
My sister looks very quiet.（表語）我妹妹看起來很安靜。
I have nothing new to tell you.（定語）我沒什么新東西告訴你。
3）常和形容詞連用構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)的連系動詞有：
Look（看起來，看上去），feel（感覺），taste（嘗起來），smell（聞起來），get（變得），turn（變），become（成為，變得），sound（聽起來）等。
例如：
The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring.春天天氣變暖和了，樹變綠了。
The flowers smell sweet.這些花聞起來很香。
You look fine.你看起來氣色很好。
4）副詞是用以修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句的詞。
例如：
The men and the women walk quickly.這些男人和女人走得很快。
The children walk slowly. 孩子們走得很慢。
They often laugh loudly. 他們經(jīng)常大聲地笑。
Unluckily he hurt his leg. 不幸的是，他傷了腿。
（二）形容詞和副詞比較級最高級的變化
1）規(guī)則變化
構(gòu)成方式 原級 比較級 最高級
單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞 一般在詞尾加-er/-est small
fast
young smaller
faster
younger smallest
fastest
youngest
以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞，加-r/-st brave
large
cute braver
larger
cuter bravest
largest
cutest
以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如果末尾只有一個輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫該輔音字母，然后加-er/-est big
hot
sad bigger
hotter
sadder biggest
hottest
saddest
*以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先改“y”為“i”,再加-er/-est easy
busy
funny easier
busier
funnier easiest
busiest
funniest
多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞 在形容詞原級前面加more或most exciting
delicious
famous
loudly more exciting
more delicious
more famous
more loudly most exciting
most delicious
most famous
most loudly
*這種雙音節(jié)詞很多都是以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞。
2）不規(guī)則變化
原級 最高級 比較級
good/well best better
bad/badly/ill worst worse
many/much most more
little least less
old oldest
eldest older
elder
far farthest
furthest farther
further
（三）比較級用法：
1）表示兩者（人或事物）的比較，形容詞或副詞比較級之后用than引出比較對象。
China is bigger than the USA.
This book is more exciting than that one.
注意：比較的對象要表達明確。
My ruler is longer than yours.
2）自身不能與自身進行比較。
3）在形容詞或副詞比較級前，有時可以用much, a little, far, a lot ,even等來修飾，如much better；a little taller.
（四）adj, adv最高級的用法：
注意：
1. 它是在一定范圍內(nèi)的最……
（≥3）He is the tallest of those three.
2. 所舉的對象一定在范圍內(nèi)。
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
用最高級的幾種情況（句式）
1. 當有in/ of，而且of 后不是兩者時。
2. 在One of +adj的最高級+ns中。
One of the most famous sights.
3. Which is the best, the red one ,the white one or the green one?
Which / whose/ who, 引導的選擇疑問句，有三者以上的選項時
4. The Huang River is the second longest river in China.黃河是中國第二長河。
當形容詞和副詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時，多用最高級
（五）原級、比較級、最高級的句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
1. “not as/so+原級+as”結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)化為比較級than的結(jié)構(gòu)
如：David didn’t run as fast as Li Lei——Li Lei ran faster than David.
——David run more slowly than Li Lei.
This book isn’t as interesting as that one.——That book is more interesting than this one.
——This book is less interesting than that one.
2. 兩個原級的句子合并成含有比較級的句子。
Li Ping is ten years old.
Wei Hua is seven years old.
1）Li Ping is older than Wei Hua.
2）Wei Hua is younger than Li Ping.
3）Li Ping is three years older than Wei Hua.
4）Wei Hua is three years younger than Li Ping.
3. 兩個原級的句子合并成含有as… as的原級比較的句子。
1）I’m ten years old. Lucy is ten years old too.
——I’m the same age as Lucy.
2）I read two books Lucy read two books too.
——I read as many books as Lucy.
4. 比較等級的句子中含有any, anyone, anything, other等時，可與最高級的句子進行轉(zhuǎn)換。如：
1）Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.
the other cities in China.
the others in China.
——Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
2）Zhang Hai jumps higher than any other student in the class.
the others in his class.
the other students in the class.
anyone else in the class.
——Zhang Hai jumps(the)highest in the class.
5. 含有比較級的句子可與含有反義詞的句子進行轉(zhuǎn)換。
如：This ruler is longer than that one.
——That ruler is shorter than this one.
Traveling by air is more expensive than traveling by train.
——Traveling by train is less expensive than traveling by air.
6. “like…better”可與“prefer”進行轉(zhuǎn)換。
1）Which coat do you like better? ——Which coat do you prefer?
2）I like red better than black. ——I prefer red to black.
3）I like singing better than dancing. ——I prefer singing to dancing.
7. “like…best”與“favorite”進行轉(zhuǎn)換。
1）Which coat do you like best? ——Which is your favorite coat ?
2）I like bananas best. ——My favorite fruit is bananas.
8. “as...as” 與 “ the same…as” 進行轉(zhuǎn)換。
This bike is as big as that one. ——This bike is the same size as that one.
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